Gyaran Koyarwar Ceto a ƙarni na Sha Shida

Sake gano koyarwar ceto ta Littafi Mai Tsarki a ƙarni na sha shida bai faru a lokaci guda ba. Da farko, Masu Gyaran Farko sun sake gano ma’anar kalmar barata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Sun fahimci cewa yana nufin “bayyana adalci” maimakon “bayyana adalci.” Wannan ya sa suka fahimci cewa ba baftisma ba ne babban dalilin barata, amma bangaskiya kaɗai. A wata ma’anar, abu na farko da Masu Gyara suka gano shi ne cewa ikklisiyaƙarshen zamanin da yana da fahimtar da ba ta dace ba game da mafita ga babbar matsalar ɗan adam.

Bayan lokaci, yayin da suke nazarin nassosin Littafi Mai Tsarki kuma suka kwatanta koyarwarsa da ta ikklisiya Katolika na Roma, sai suka gano cewa Roma tana da karkatacciyar fahimta game da mafita, domin tana da karkatacciyar famimta game da matsalar. Koyarwar Roma game da ceto, wato koyarwar yadda ake samun ceto (mafita), ya bunƙasa ta yadda ta kasance saboda yadda Roma ta fahimci sakamakon zunubin Adamu (matsalar). Kamar yadda muka lura a cikin labarin da ya gabata, Ikklisiya Ikklisiya Katolika na Roma ta koyar cewa lokacin da Adamu ya fadi cikin zunubi, ya rasa wata Karin baiwa ta alherin barata da tsarkakewa. A wannan ra’ayi, Adamu da zuriyarsa suna buƙatar sake samun wannan alherin domin a sake ɗaukaka shi zuwa ga tsarin halitta na allahntaka. A ganinsu, ana Samun wannan ne ta wurin sakaramentan Ikklisiya Katolika ta Roma.

Yayin da suka yi nazarin nassosi, Masu Gyaran Ikklisiya sun gane cewa koyarwar Ikklisiya Katolika ta Roma game game da faduwar mutum ba ta yi cikkaken adalci ga abin da Littafi Mai Tsarki ya koyar ba. Sun fahimci cewa, a a cikin faduwar, mutum bai rasa wata Karin baiwar alheri (superadded grace) kawai ba tare da wata babbar illa ga halinsa ba. Maimakon haka, kamar yadda Furucin Bangaskiya na Westminister zai bayyana daga baya, a cikin faduwar sun faɗi daga adalcinsu na asali da zumunci da Allah, don haka suka mutu cikin zunubi, kuma sun ƙazantu gaba ɗaya a cikin dukkan sassa da ikon rai da jiki. (WCF 6.2)

Kalmar tauhidi da da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana wannan yanayin faduwar ita ce lalacewa gaba daya.

Yana da muhimmanci a sake lura cewa duk abin da mutum ya yi imani da shi a matsayin matsala zai nuna fahimtarsa ​​game da mafita (soteriology). Koyarwar ceto ta Pelagius ita ce abin da yake saboda fahimtarsa ​​game da matsalar. Koyarwar ceto ta Roma ita ce abin da yake saboda fahimtar matsalar. Ceton matacce da ceton wanda aka ji rauni yana buƙatar hanyoyi daban-daban.

Ikklisiyoyin Reformed sun bayyana mafita ga matsalar mutum dangane da alkawarin da Allah ya yi tsakaninsa da mutum. Furucin Bangaskiya na Westminster yana ba da ɗaya daga cikin maganganu mafi bayyanannu na wannan koyaswar ceto ta Littafi Mai Tsarki. Abin da ke biyo baya an ɗauko shi ne daga wannan ikirari. Ana ƙarfafa masu karatu su sami kwafin da ke ɗauke da nassoshin shaida na Littafi Mai Tsarki kuma su yi aiki a hankali a cikin su duka.

Kamar yadda Westminster Confession of Faith ya bayyana, kafin faɗuwar, Allah ya yi alkawari da Adamu “inda aka yi wa Adamu alkawari game da rai; kuma a cikinsa ga zuriyarsa, bisa ga cikakkiyar biyayya da ta kai” (WCF 7.2). Abin lura, kuma sabanin koyarwar Romawa, Adamu yana da iko da ikon yin biyayya ga doka kafin faɗuwar (WCF 4.2; 19.1). Bugu da ƙari, adalci na asali wani ɓangare ne na yanayinsa, wanda aka halitta kamar yadda yake a cikin siffar Allah (WCF 4.2; 6.2). Ba kamar yadda Ikklisiya Katolika na Roma ya koyar ba, kyauta ce mai yawa da aka ƙara wa yanayinsa.

Saboda faɗuwar mutum, ba zai iya yin biyayya ga doka cikakke ba don haka ba zai iya cika sharuɗɗan alkawari na farko ba. Saboda haka, Allah ya yi farin ciki da yin na biyu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin alheri; inda yake ba wa masu zunubi rai da ceto kyauta ta wurin Yesu Kiristi; Yana buƙatar su su yi imani da shi, domin su sami ceto, yana kuma alƙawarin ba wa duk waɗanda aka naɗa su zuwa rai madawwami Ruhu Mai Tsarki, domin ya sa su zama masu son rai, kuma su iya yin imani. (WCF 7.3)

An naɗa Ɗa makaɗaici, Yesu Kiristi, tun daga har abada don ya zama Matsakanci ɗaya tsakanin Allah da mutum (WCF 8.1). An naɗa shi don ya ceci mutanensa, waɗanda Allah, daga alherinsa da ƙaunarsa kyauta, ya zaɓa a cikin Almasihu “kafin a kafa duniya, bisa ga manufarsa ta har abada da marar canzawa, da kuma shawarar sirri da yardarsa mai kyau” (WCF 3.5).

Ubangiji Yesu, ta wurin cikakkiyar biyayyarsa, da hadayar kansa, wadda, ta wurin Ruhu madawwami, sau ɗaya aka miƙa wa Allah, ya cika adalcin Ubansa; kuma ya sayi, ba kawai sulhu ba, amma gado madawwami a cikin mulkin sama, ga duk waɗanda Uba ya ba shi. (WCF 8.5)

Ceton da aka saya ana aiwatar da shi ne ta wurin Almasihu ga dukan zababbu a cikin tarihin duniya

Domin kuwa mutumin da ya faɗi yana cikin yanayin zunubi da mutuwa, ba wai kawai yana jin rauni ko rashin lafiya ba, ba zai iya yin komai don ya sami fansar da aka saya da kansa ba. Saboda haka, Allah yana kiran zaɓaɓɓu daga mutuwa kamar yadda Almasihu ya kira Lazarus daga kabari. Yana sake farfaɗo da su, yana ba su rai na ruhaniya kuma yana jawo su zuwa ga Yesu Kiristi (WCF 10.1). Waɗanda Allah ya kira, Ya ba da gaskiya. An barata su, ko kuma an bayyana su masu adalci, ba bisa ga wani aikinsu ba, amma bisa ga adalcin da aka ɗora wa Almasihu wanda aka karɓa ta wurin bangaskiya kaɗai (WCF 11.1; 14.2). Waɗanda aka kira kuma aka barata su kuma an tsarkake su a tsawon rayuwarsu:

An lalata mulkin dukkan jikin zunubi, kuma sha’awarsa da dama suna ƙaruwa da rauni; kuma suna ƙara rayarwa da ƙarfafawa a cikin dukkan alherin ceto, zuwa ga aikata tsarki na gaskiya, wanda ba tare da shi ba babu wanda zai ga Ubangiji. (WCF 13.1; duba kuma16.1–7)

Ba kamar Ikklisiya Katolika na Roma ba, majami’un Reformed sun kuma koyar da cewa

Waɗanda Allah ya karɓe su a cikin Ƙaunataccensa, waɗanda aka kira su kuma aka tsarkake su da Ruhunsa, ba za su iya faɗuwa gaba ɗaya ko ƙarshe daga yanayin alheri ba, amma tabbas za su dage a ciki har ƙarshe, kuma su sami ceto har abada. (WCF 17.1) A cikin labarinmu na gaba, za mu duba yadda wasu masu ilimin tauhidi na Reformed a Netherlands suka kasa gamsuwa da tauhidin Reformed suka fara mayar da wannan tauhidin zuwa ga Roma. Za mu kuma duba martanin ikklisiyan Reformed a taron majalisar Dordt.

An fara buga wannan labarin a shafin yanar gizon Ministirin Ligonier. [Blog ɗin Ministirin Ligonier]